What are the different stages of construction in real estate?

The least glamourous topic in Home buying is the construction process. The focus is typically on either the finished product, the location or the pricing of a project. However, if you have invested in a newly launched project, it might be useful for you to know the different stages of construction.

We have put together an overview of the the construction process in an easy to understand manner here. The different stages of construction typically are:

1. Site preparation:

The site preparation stage in the construction cycle is the process of preparing the construction site for the actual construction work. This includes clearing the site of any existing structures or vegetation, leveling the ground, and excavating any necessary foundations. The site preparation stage is critical to the success of the construction project, as it ensures that the construction site is ready for the construction work to begin.

2. Grading:

Grading is the process of sloping the ground to ensure proper drainage and to provide a level surface on which to build. Grading is a critical step in the construction cycle, as it can impact the stability of the foundations and the overall appearance of the finished project. Improper grading can lead to serious problems down the road, so it is important to ensure that the grading is done correctly.

 

3.The Foundation: The foundation is the most important sub-structure element in a real estate project. The foundation supports the entire weight of the building. The foundation is usually made of concrete, and it is important to ensure that the foundation is properly designed and constructed. There are many different types of foundation, and the type of foundation that is used will depend on the soil conditions, the weight of the building, and the type of building.

4. Parking Facilities:

There are mainly 3 types of car parking provided in any residential project.

a) Stilt parking - In this case, there are no basements and the parking is above ground, right under the residential towers. This works well in low density projects where parking requirements are lesser. This kind of parking allows the project to have more Natural Earth as there are no basements constructed below the earth. The main disadvantage is of this type of parking is the impact on the elevation of the project if not camouflaged well.

b) Basement parking - The most common type of parking in high rises, basement parking are underground and can go upto multiple levels below depending on the design, local condition and norms. Projects with basements typically have high density with the need for a higher number of car parks. The most common concern in basements is the possibility of flooding ( as seen in Bangalore recently) and hence they need to be equipped with the right drainage systems. Also artificial ventilation is required for both light and pumping out toxic emissions which could have an impact on the maintenance bills. The timeline for construction of a typical basement is around 2-3 months depending on the soil conditions and scale of the project.

 

c) Stack parking - In this kind of parking, the cars are stacked on each other through electro-mechanical hoists. This is typically done to reduce the need for additional basements and in projects with high densities. The disadvantages of this are coordination with the other drivers to remove the car stacked on top and also the risk of damaging your car when you get on/ get off the stack. This is very inconvenient in a residential project but works well in Retail and commercial projects.

 

5. Super-structure construction:

A super structure is the portion of a building that is above the building's foundation. In India, super structures are often made out of concrete as it is relatively inexpensive. Concrete is also a very strong material, which is important in areas that are prone to earthquakes, such as India. There are a few different methods that can be used to construct a super structure. The most common method is to pour concrete into forms, which are then left to harden. This method is quick and relatively easy, and it produces a very strong super structure. Even here, there are multiple technologies available such as RCC (https://www.getpowerplay.in/blog/what-is-rcc-building-in-construction/) Mivan - Aluminum form work (https://www.builderspace.com/mivan-construction-pros-and-cons), Pre-cast ( In a factory and then assembled on site). This is a very informative video on how Sobha Developers have developed their Pre-cast capabilities https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vNEfybXJlA.

Another method that is traditionally used is to construct the super structure out of brick and mortar. This method is more labor-intensive, but it can produce a very sturdy and attractive super structure.

6. MEP:

MEP stands for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing. These are the three main systems that make up the infrastructure of a building. MEP systems are designed to work together to provide the necessary services for a comfortable and safe environment. MEP systems are usually designed by separate contractors specializing in each field. Coordination between the different contractors is essential to ensure that the systems work together seamlessly. MEP coordinators are responsible for ensuring that the different contractors understand the design intent and can work together to achieve the best results.

The installation of MEP systems is a complex process that requires careful planning and coordination. The construction schedule must be carefully coordinated to avoid delays and disruptions. The different trades must be coordinated to avoid conflicts and to ensure that the work is completed safely and on time.

MEP systems are subject to strict codes and regulations. These codes and regulations are designed to protect the safety of occupants and to ensure that the systems are installed correctly. MEP inspectors are responsible for ensuring that the work meets the required standards.

7. Finishing:

The finishing stage in the construction cycle is the process of completing the construction project. This includes painting, installing flooring, and completing any final touches. The finishing stage is critical to the success of the construction project, as it ensures that the building is ready for occupancy. This is a very important stage as home buyers mainly experience the finished surfaces. Their whole understanding of quality and workmanship of the project is decided basis the finishing. Also, finishing is a very labour intensive process which requires detailed project planning to ensure all activities are done in the right sequence to avoid any quality issues in the future.